Retail petroleum markets in Mexico are on the cusp of a historic deregulation. For decades, all 11,000 gasoline stations nationwide have carried the brand of the state-owned petroleum company Pemex and sold Pemex gasoline at federally regulated …
Vertical integration between regulated and unregulated businesses may create opportunities for upstream regulated assets to reduce input prices for their downstream operations. I provide the example of a refiner and pipeline owner in the U.S. crude …